Thus, poor educational performance can be attributed in part to low parental aspirations, if changes in the former follow changes in the latter. Researchers need to know about sequences of life experiences and events, and which individuals appear to be affected by changes in their external environment, while others remain impervious to them. John Bynner, in Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, 2005 Interpreting Cohort DataĬross-sectional data collected on repeated occasions are longitudinal at the macrolevel in the sense that they enable one to monitor the effects of societal (or secular) change on a population's characteristics-“net effects.” Cohort data are essential for investigating changes in individuals within the population as well-“gross effects.” These incorporate information about changes in the individual members of the cohort as well as the cohort as a whole and are essential for gaining any purchase on possible causal processes.
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